📄 Category

infectious diseases

166 papers

Infectious diseases represent one of the most dynamic frontiers in global health, covering everything from seasonal flu outbreaks to emerging viral threats that cross borders. This field focuses on how pathogens spread, how our immune systems respond, and the strategies scientists use to stop infections before they become epidemics. Because the science moves fast, waiting for traditional publication often means missing critical insights that could save lives.

At Gist.Science, we process every new preprint in this category directly from medRxiv to ensure you see the latest findings the moment they appear. Our team transforms these raw studies into both accessible plain-language explanations and detailed technical summaries, bridging the gap between complex research and public understanding. Below are the latest papers in infectious diseases, updated daily with fresh insights from the global research community.

📄 infectious diseases

A newly emergent N1 neuraminidase associated with clade 2.3.4.4b highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5) viruses in North America

This study characterizes the evolutionary history and phylodynamics of a newly emergent North American N1 neuraminidase (am4N1) associated with H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b viruses, revealing its distinct avian origin, introduction from western Canada, and conserved structural architecture despite sequence divergence that warrants further investigation into potential cross-reactivity with human A(H1N1)pdm09 immunity.

Wersebe, M. J., Paterson, N. M., Hassell, N., Zheng, X.-y., Rambo-Martin, B. J., Frederick, J. C., Lacek, K. K., Sulliva (…)2026-03-10
📄 infectious diseases

Integrated screening reveals rare co-infections of gambiense human African trypanosomiasis, malaria and loiasis in Banga, northern Angola

A retrospective analysis of over 6,000 individuals in northern Angola reveals that while malaria remains highly prevalent and co-infections with rare gambiense sleeping sickness and loiasis are uncommon, integrated screening platforms effectively support the surveillance and elimination of sleeping sickness in co-endemic settings when robust confirmatory algorithms are maintained.

NZILA, M.2026-03-10
📄 infectious diseases

A phase 2a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial of the SARS-CoV-2-specific monoclonal antibody AER002 in people with Long COVID

In a phase 2a randomized controlled trial, the SARS-CoV-2-specific monoclonal antibody AER002 was found to be safe but failed to demonstrate significant efficacy in improving physical health or other outcomes for people with Long COVID, though post-hoc analysis suggested potential benefits for a specific subgroup with lower baseline antibody levels.

Peluso, M. J., Ryder, D., Dalhuisen, T., Chu, D. H. T., Williams, M. C., Rodriguez, A. E., LaFranchi, B., Vinden, J., Fe (…)2026-03-09
📄 infectious diseases

Effect of higher dose primaquine for the radical cure of Plasmodium vivax malaria in Indonesia: a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis

This systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis of 1,797 patients in Indonesia demonstrates that a higher total primaquine dose of 7 mg/kg significantly reduces *Plasmodium vivax* relapse rates compared to the standard 3.5 mg/kg regimen, with only a moderate increase in gastrointestinal discomfort and rare clinically relevant haemolysis among patients with adequate G6PD activity.

Fadilah, I., Watson, J. A., Pasaribu, A. P., Sutanto, I., Nelwan, E. J., Lidia, K., Rajasekhar, M., Elyazar, I. R., Tayl (…)2026-03-06
📄 infectious diseases

Mapping the Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Western Ethiopia: A multicenter cross-sectional study

This first multicenter study in Western Ethiopia (2021–2025) reveals a rapidly increasing burden of multidrug-resistant MRSA, particularly among children and outpatients, driven by widespread antibiotic misuse and inadequate infection control, thereby highlighting the urgent need for enhanced antimicrobial stewardship and surveillance to guide empiric therapy.

Tesfaye Guteta, E., Diriba, A., Tesfaye, K., Kedir, E., Wakgari, M., Jabessa, D., Chali, M., Biyena, K., Sileshi, G., Jo (…)2026-03-06
📄 infectious diseases

Development and optimization of self-collected, field stable, saliva-based immunoassays for scalable epidemiological surveillance of pathogen-specific immunity

The study presents a developed and optimized, self-collected, field-stable saliva-based immunoassay that demonstrates high correlation with venous blood samples for quantifying pathogen-specific IgG, offering a non-invasive and scalable alternative for global epidemiological surveillance.

Bahr, L. E., Lu, J. Q., Buddhari, D., Hunsawong, T., Rapheal, E., Greco, P., Ware, L., Klick, M., Farmer, A., Middleton (…)2026-03-06
📄 infectious diseases

Schistosoma mansoni infections are associated with hepatosplenic organometry within the context of repeated praziquantel treatment and co-endemic infections of malaria, hepatitis B, and HIV: a population-based study in rural Uganda

In a population-based study in rural Uganda, current *Schistosoma mansoni* infection intensity was found to remain significantly associated with splenomegaly in children and hepatomegaly in adults, even after accounting for co-endemic malaria, HIV, hepatitis B, and repeated praziquantel treatment.

Seggelke, K., Lang, M. M., Nabatte, B., Anguajibi, V., Ntegeka, B., Mugume, T., Mpooya, S., Kabatereine, N. B., Smith, A (…)2026-03-06
📄 infectious diseases

Role of relapse and multiple time delays in shaping Nipah virus epidemic dynamics: a mathematical modeling study

This study develops a delay differential equation model incorporating relapse and multiple time delays to demonstrate that while incubation delays affect epidemic peak timing, relapse is the critical mechanism driving Nipah virus persistence and altering endemic equilibrium conditions beyond the classical reproduction threshold.

Bugalia, S., Wang, H., Salvador, L.2026-03-05